Narrative Text - Penjelasan & Contoh
Narrative text adalah salah satu jenis teks
dalam sebuah bahasa. Biasanya, narrative text (teks naratif) berisi tentang
cerita-cerita baik
cerita fiksi, cerita non-fiksi, dongeng, cerita rakyat, cerita binatang/fabel dll,
pokoknya semua hal tentang cerita ya narrative namanya.
A narrative
text is an imaginative story to entertain people (teks narasi adalah cerita
imaginatif yang bertujuan menghibur orang).
Jika
melihat pada kamus bahasa Inggris, secara harfiah narrative bermakna :
(1) a spoken or written account of connected
events; a story. (2) the narrated part of a literary work, as distinct from
dialogue. (3) the practice or art of narration.
(Narrative
bermakna : 1. sebuah cerita baik terucap atau tertulis tentang
peristiwa-peristiwa yang berhubungan. 2. bagian yang diceritakan dalam sebuah
karya sastra, berbeda dengan dialog. 3. Praktik atau seni bercerita)
Jika disimpulkan, maka sebuah narrative text adalah
teks yang berisi sebuah cerita baik tertulis ataupun tidak tertulis dan
terdapat rangkaian peristiwa yang saling terhubung.
2. Generic
Structure Narrative Text
Narrative
text ini mempunyai struktur
/susunan seperti di bawah ini :
·
Orientation
: It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are
introduced. (berisi
pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan
dimana)
·
Complication : Where the problems in the story
developed. (Permasalahan muncul / mulai terjadi dan berkembang)
·
Resolution
: Where the problems in the story is solved. Masalah selesai, --- secara baik
"happy ending" ataupun buruk "bad ending".
Kadangkala susunan (generic structure) narrative
text bisa berisi: Orientation, Complication, Evaluation, Resolution dan
Reorientation. Meski “Evaluation” dan “Reorientation” merupakan optional; bisa
ditambahkan dan bisa tidak. Evaluation berisi penilaian/evaluasi terhadap
jalannya cerita atau konflik. Sedangkan Reorientation berisi penyimpulan isi
akhir cerita.
Jika
sudah mahir membuat cerita narrative, susunannya bisa diubah-ubah , yang
terpenting bagian-bagian di atas masih tetap ada dalam tulisan narrative.
3. Grammar
Used dalam Narrative Text
Grammar
(tata bahasa) yang sering muncul dalam membuat narrative text adalah:
Menggunakan tenses "Past", baik simple,
past perfect, past continuous, past perfect continuous, atau bisa saja past
future continuous. (aturan ini bukan aturan wajib yang mutlak harus dipenuhi
kok. Tidak percaya, tanyakan pada guru bahasa Inggris sobat)
Untuk
lebih jelasnya, lihat contohnya di bawah ini :
4.
Example of
Narrative Text :
Sincere Will Get a Great Return
Once upon a time, there was a kingdom named Auretto,
all people lived peacefully there. One of them was Charlita, the king’s
daughter who was assumed as the most beautiful and kindest Princess of Auretto.
One day,
Charlita looked blue. Because of that her father got confused. “What’s the
matter my beautiful daughter? Why are you so sad?” asked King Fernando.
Charlita was just silent. She did not say anything.
Then, King
Fernando decided to make a competition to cheer Charlita again. After that, the
palace representative announce: “I will make a competition. The aim is to make
my daughter, Princess Charlita to be happy and laugh again. Everyone who can do
it, will get a prize. It will be held tomorrow when the sun rises. Sign: King
Fernando.”
The following morning,
everybody came to the palace, tried to give their best performance. They seemed
happy and laugh, but not for Princess Charlita. She was just silent and still
looked sad.
King Fernando started to
give up. No one amused his daughter. Then, there came a young handsome man. “Excuse
me King Fernando. I would like to join your competition. But, would you mind if
I took Princess Charlita for a walk?” said the young man gently. “As long as
you make my daughter be happy again, it will totally alright.” said King
Fernando. The young handsome man took Princess Charlita for a walk in a
beautiful blue lake with a green forest around it. Princess Charlita smiled and
looked happy after that. Every body looked happy, too. “I know why are you so
my beautiful daughter. Now, I promise I will environment green. I regret for
always destroying it. Finally, the environment around the kingdom became so
beautiful and green, full of plants. Then, the young handsome man got a prize
from the king. “I will marry you off my daughter.” said him. “That is the prize
I promise for you. Thanks for keeping our environment well. Thanks for making
my daughter happy again.”
The Legend of Rawa Pening
Once upon a time, there
was a little poor boy came into a little village. He was very hungry and weak.
He knocked at every door and asked for some food, but nobody cared about him.
Nobody wanted to help the little boy.
Finally, a generous woman helped him. She gave him
shelter and a meal. When the boy wanted to leave, this old woman gave him a
“lesung”, a big wooden mortar for pounding rice. She reminded him, “please
remember, if there is a flood you must save yourself. Use this “lesung” as a
boat”. The “lesung” was happy and thanked the old woman.The little boy
continued his journey. While he was passing through the village, he saw many
people gathering on the field. The boy came closer and saw a stick stuck in the
ground. People challenged each other to pull out that stick. Everybody tried,
but nobody succeeded. “Can I try?” asked the little boy. The crowd laughed mockingly.
The boy wanted to try his luck so he stepped forward and pulled out the stick.
He could do it very easily. Everybody was dumbfounded.
Suddenly, from the hole left by stick, water spouted
out. It did not stop until it flooded the village. And no one was saved from
the water except the little boy and the generous old woman who gave him shelter
and meal. As she told him, he used the “lesung” as a boat and picked up the old
woman. The whole village became a huge lake. It is now known as Rawa Pening Lake
in Salatiga, Central Java, Indonesia.
Penjelasan
Narrative Text (untuk tingkat Mahir)
A narrative
is a meaningful sequence of events told in words. It is sequential in that the
events are ordered, not merely random. Sequence always involves an arrangement
in time (and usually other arrangements as well). A straightforward movement
from the first event to the last constitutes the simplest chronology. However,
chronology is sometimes complicated by presenting the events in another order:
for example, a story may open with the final episode and then flash back to all
that preceded it.
A narrative has meaning in that it conveys an
evaluation of some kind. The writer reacts to the story he or she tells, and
states or implies that reaction. This is the "meaning," sometimes
called the "theme," of a story. Meaning must always be rendered. The
writer has to do more than tell us the truth he sees in the story; he must
manifest that truth in the characters and the action.
Characters and action are the essential elements of
any story. Also important, but not as essential, is the setting, the place
where the action occurs. Characters are usually people—sometimes actual people,
as in history books or newspaper stories, sometimes imaginary ones, as in
novels. Occasionally characters are animals (as in an Aesop fable), and
sometimes a dominant feature of the environment functions almost like a
character (the sea, an old house).
The action is what the characters say and do and
anything that happens to them, even if it arises from a nonhuman source—a
storm, for instance, or a fire. Action is often presented in the form of a
plot. Action is, so to speak, the raw material; plot, the finished product, the
fitting together of the bits and pieces of action into a coherent pattern.
Usually, though not invariably, plot takes the form of a cause-and effect
chain: event A produces event B; B leads to C; C to D; and so on until the
final episode, X. In a well-constructed plot of this kind we can work back from
X to A and see the connections that made the end of the story likely and
perhaps inevitable.
Stories can be very long and complicated, with many
characters, elaborate plots, and subtle interpenetration of character, action,
and setting. In writing that is primarily expository, however, narratives are
shorter and simpler. Most often they are factual rather than imaginary, as when
an historian describes an event. And often in exposition an illustration may
involve a simple narrative. Being able to tell a story, then, while not the primary
concern of the expository writer, is a skill which he or she will now and again
be called upon to use.
Referensi
:
Kane,
Thomas. S. 2000.The Oxford Essential Guide to Writing. New York: Barkley Books.
http://www.englishindo.com/2012/01/narrative-text-penjelasan-contoh.html
Comments
Post a Comment